R Tutorials

Twitter Authentication with R

January 15, 2016

2 min read

This article is just a small summary about the authentication process with Twitter. Its about creating the Twitter app and doing the handshake cause you have to do it every time you want to get data from Twitter with R.

Since Twitter released the Version 1.1 of their API a OAuth handshake is necessary for every request you do. So we have to verify our app.

First we need to create an app at Twitter.

Got to apps.twitter.com/ and log in with your Twitter Account.

Now you can see your Profile picture in the upper right corner and a drop-down menu. In this menu you can find “My Applications”.

Click on it and then on “Create new application”.

You can name your Application whatever you want and also set Description on whatever you want. Twitter requires a valid URL for the website, but you can also enter a placeholder there.

As the Callback URL enter: http://127.0.0.1:1410

Click on Create you´ll get redirected to a screen with all the OAuth setting of your new App. Just leave this window in the background; we´ll need it later

Before we go on, make sure you have installed the newest version of the twitteR package from github.

Therefore you can use the following code:

install.packages(c("devtools", "rjson", "bit64", "httr"))

#RESTART R session!

library(devtools)
install_github("twitteR", username="geoffjentry")
library(twitteR)

install.packages(c("devtools", "rjson", "bit64", "httr"))

#RESTART R session!

library(devtools)

install_github("twitteR", username="geoffjentry")

library(twitteR)

Now the twitteR package is up-to-date and we can use the new and very easy setup_twitter_oauth() function which uses the httr package.

Twitter Authentication with R:

First you have to get your api_key and your api_secret as well as your access_token and access_token_secret from your app settings on Twitter. Just click on the “API key” tab to see them.

api_key <- "YOUR API KEY"

api_secret <- "YOUR API SECRET"

access_token <- "YOUR ACCESS TOKEN"

access_token_secret <- "YOUR ACCESS TOKEN SECRET"

setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret)

api_key <- "YOUR API KEY"

api_secret <- "YOUR API SECRET"

access_token <- "YOUR ACCESS TOKEN"

access_token_secret <- "YOUR ACCESS TOKEN SECRET"

setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret)

And that´s it.

If you want to test your authentication just try to get some tweets with:

searchTwitter("iphone")

1	searchTwitter("iphone")

Julian Hillebrand

During my time at university and learning about the basics of economics I started heavily exploring the possibilities and changes caused by digital disruptions and the process of digital transformation, whereby I focused on the importance of data and data analytics and combination with marketing and management.
My personal focus of interest lies heavily on technology, digital marketing and data analytics. I made early acquaintance with programming and digital technology and never stop being interested in following the newest innovations.

I am an open, communicative and curious person. I enjoy writing, blogging and speaking about technology.

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Jessica Pitzl

Hi there!
I can’t get the authentification working:

Error in get(name, envir = asNamespace(pkg), inherits = FALSE) :
object ‘.setDummyField’ not found

Do u know what the problem could be?

Thanks a lot!
Jessica
- julianhi
  
  Hey Jessica!
  Nice to see you on my blog!
  Did you try to reset your workspace and start with a clean one?
  And did you load all the newest versions of the required packages?
  I would like to get some more info about your problem 🙂 Maybe it would help if you post your R code. Maybe we can find a mistake
  - Jessica Pitzl
    
    Hey!
    Yes, workspace is clean. I loaded all packages today. Im on R 3.0.0. (maybe thats the problem?)
    
    >>This is my code:
    
    install.packages(“ROAuth”)
    install.packages(“twitteR”)
    library(twitteR)
    library(‘ROAuth’)
    
    requestURL<-"https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token"
    authURL<-"https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize"
    accessURL<-"https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token"
    consumerKey<-"left out"
    consumerSecret<-"left out"
    
    cred> and the above error:
    
    Error in get(name, envir = asNamespace(pkg), inherits = FALSE) :
    object ‘.setDummyField’ not found
    
    with my twitter dev app everything should be fine…
    
    I couldn’t find any post related to that error and the twitter auth.
    
    Maybe u know what to do?
    Thanks a lot!!
    - julianhi
      
      Hm it seems to be a problem about R itself.
      But where does the error appear exactly? You type in “cred” ?
      You just define the first variables and the then the error appears?
Jessica Pitzl

oops… wrong copy/paste 😉

cred> and then the error appears
- julianhi
  
  Ok I hope I get it now:
  You define the variables in the beginning and then type:
  
  twitCred <- OAuthFactory$new(consumerKey=consumerKey,consumerSecret=consumerSecret,requestURL=reqURL,accessURL=accessURL,authURL=authURL)
  
  And then this error appears?
  Then you should update your R to the newest version. Maybe the twitteR package doesn't work very well with your R version
Jessica Pitzl

oh boy.. why isn’t this showing my code?

after cred=

OAuthFactory$new(consumerKey=consumerKey,consumerSecret=consumerSecret,requestURL=requestURL,accessURL=accessURL,authURL=authURL)

then error…
Jessica Pitzl

the update to 3.0.1 and authorization finally worked
when i searched Twitter the following happened:

[1] “SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:nerror:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed”
Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, “GET”, …) :
Error: SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:
error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed

I did solve it via:

library(RCurl)
options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)))

And now i get my tweets just fine 🙂
Thanks for ur help!
- julianhi
  
  Oh thanks for the tip! I’ll put it in the blog post. But I guess u’re using windows or? That’s where normally these cert problems appear 😉
  - Jessica Pitzl
    
    jap, i’m using windows 😉
    I just restarted R. Am I supposed to go through the authorization process everytime I restart?
Jessica Pitzl

Another thing I couldn’t fix so far:

Warning message: In doRppAPICall(“search/tweets”, n, params = params, retryOnRateLimit = retryOnRateLimit, : 100 tweets were requested but the API can only return 26

I tried to get tweets from a certain time periode and it wouldn’t give me any results back. Then I tried without a time frame and even then R only returned a few.

Have u come across that?
- julianhi
  
  Yeah this is a problem with the new Twitter API. You just got 26 Tweets because Twitter only provided 26. They set a time period and just within this period you can receive the tweets. So now chance till now to get 1 year old tweets or so with the search twitter method
Pingback: julianhi's Blog | Analysis of Twitter Devices with R()
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Deepak

Hello there,
Am using R v3.0.1 and I get this error
Error in function (type, msg, asError = TRUE) :
SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:
error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed
What could I do??
- julianhi
  
  Hey,
  do you use the newest version of twitteR?
  And do you use Windows?
- julianhi
  
  And after which line does this error appear exactly?
Deepak

Yes am using Windows. . .
I got the PIN and entered now in R.
Then when I searchTwitter i get the error
>>This is my code

tweets = searchTwitter(“#analytics”, n=1000)
[1] “SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:nerror:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed”
Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, “GET”, …) :
Error: SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:
error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed
- julianhi
  
  Try it with:
  
  tweets = searchTwitter(“#analytics”, n=1000,cainfo=”cacert.pem”)
Deepak

Jessica in the previous post said that she fixed using :

library(RCurl)
options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)))

But i get the error as:

>> the code:

> library(RCurl)
> options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)))
Error: unexpected input in “options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“”
Deepak

I tried as you said but I get the following error:

Error: unexpected input in “tweets = searchTwitter(“”
- julianhi
  
  Please don´t copy and paste it from here. Then R gets in trouble because of the format.
  Your quotation marks are wrong when you copy-paste it.
Deepak

Sorry am new to “R”
Now I just typed out everything and I get:
>>

> tweets = searchTwitter(“#analytics”,n=1000,cainfo=”cacert.pem”)
[1] “Unauthorized”
Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, “GET”, …) :
Error: Unauthorized
>
- julianhi
  
  Ok now we got a step further;) It says that you are unauthorized to use the GET method of twitter. So there was something wrong in the authentification process. Please type it in line by line. The whole authentification process has to be done every single time you start R. So restart R, go through the auth process and then you can use searchTwitter
Deepak

Thank you so mush. . I have been working on this for a whole week and got into this blog.
It’s really helpful man.
If i get into some problems, I’ll ask you. . .
- julianhi
  
  So it worked now? 😉
  I created the blog to help others, so of you have questions or problems just ask
Deepak

Man. . Am tired of this. .I restarted everthing and typed all the code, yet Again I get this error. . .

library(twitteR)
> library(ROAuth)
> reqURL accessURL authURL consumerKey consumerSecret twitCred twitCred$handshake()
Error in function (type, msg, asError = TRUE) :
SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:
error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed
>
Deepak

I Got it man. . .
I Loaded RCurl and typed a query . it is solved
Deepak

I need help. . We gone a step further man. .
When am trying to analyze I get this. . . .

>analysis = score.sentiment(tweets.text, pos.words, neg.words)
Error in match(words, exc.words) :
argument “exc.words” is missing, with no default
- julianhi
  
  I think the problem is that u use pos.words and neg.words. This should just be pos and neg like i used in my tutorial
Deepak

Even if type it as just pos and neg. . .I get the same Error
- julianhi
  
  I would be useful if you post your whole code. Because it is mostly not possible to say why it´s not working based on a single line
Deepak

K man. .Here is all my codes. .

library(twitteR)
> library(ROAuth)
> reqURL accessURL authURL consumerKey consumerSecret twitCred twitCred$handshake()
> library(RCurl)
> options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”,”cacert.pem”,package=”RCurl”)))
> twitCred$handshake()
To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
http://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here: xxxxxxx
> local({pkg library(plyr)
> tweets = searchTwitter(“#Analytics”,n=1000,cainfo=”cacert.pem”)
> length(tweets)
[1] 1000
> tweets.text = laply(tweets, function(t)t$getText())
> pos = scan(‘positive-words.txt’, what=’character’, comment.char=’;’)
Read 2006 items
> neg = scan(‘negative-words.txt’, what=’character’, comment.char=’;’)
Read 4783 items
> source(‘sentiment.r’)
> analysis = score.sentiment(tweets.text, pos.words, neg.words)
Loading required package: stringr
Error in FUN(X[[1L]], …) : could not find function “str_split”
In addition: Warning message:
In library(package, lib.loc = lib.loc, character.only = TRUE, logical.return = TRUE, :
there is no package called ‘stringr’
> utils:::menuInstallPkgs()
— Please select a CRAN mirror for use in this session —
trying URL ‘http://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/3.0/stringr_0.6.2.zip’
Content type ‘application/zip’ length 75189 bytes (73 Kb)
opened URL
downloaded 73 Kb

package ‘stringr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
C:UsersTwisterAppDataLocalTempRtmpmCFsdWdownloaded_packages
> library(stringr)
> analysis = score.sentiment(tweets.text, pos.words, neg.words)
Error in match(words, exc.words) :
argument “exc.words” is missing, with no default
> q()
> analysis = score.sentiment(tweets.text, pos.words, neg.words)
Error in match(words, exc.words) :
argument “exc.words” is missing, with no default
> save.image(“C:\Users\Twister\Desktop\Project things\TwitteR\Inital codings”)
> analysis = score.sentiment(tweets.text, pos.words, neg.words)
Error in match(words, exc.words) :
argument “exc.words” is missing, with no default
Deepak

Actually I think there would be some problem in the algorithm because I loaded from another R file. . .I think so. . .
- julianhi
  
  Yeah, just put it in the normal workspace and then it should work
Deepak

Finally it worked. .Thanks a lot to you. . . .Can I get the tweets into an excel. . . .
Deepak

Man,
Can I get the Positive, Negative tweets in to some kinda Document format. .so that i could know what is negatively spoken . . . .
- julianhi
  
  The negative tweets are stored in neg.matches in the analysis function. This variable you can write in a document or just display them in R
  - Deepak
    
    Thanks man,
    What is the type of algorithm used?? Is it SVM, NB etc..
    Whats the accuracy level for this analysis??
    If there is a tweet as “This product is not good”, then it will be considered as positive sentiment. . .So what to do for it??
    - julianhi
      
      There is no real algorithm in this example because it´s a very basic one. You just get the tweets and match the containing words with a list of positive and negative words.
      But i´m thinking about writing another sentiment analysis post which uses the viralheat sentiment API as it is fully compatible with R (https://app.viralheat.com/developer/sentiment_api).
      This should deliver more accurate results than the easy wordlist method.
  - Deepak
    
    Can’t get the negative tweets man. . .It says
    
    > neg.matches
    Error: object ‘neg.matches’ not found
RK

Hi.

I am getting this error when I am trying to execute the steps mentioned above. Could you please tell me if I am missing something. I am really new to using R

Error in registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred) :
oauth has not completed its handshake
- julianhi
  
  Hi and welcome on my blog. Could you please post the whole output of your R instance? This helps me a lot to answer your question and find the mistake 😉
Tommy

Hi,

Can i view the tweets?? If so, how. . . .??. . . . .
- julianhi
  
  Hi,
  in this example you don´t get any tweets from twitter. You just connect to twitter.
  If you want to search twitter you have to use:
  tweets = searchTwitter(“keyword_you_search_for”, n=200, cainfo=”cacert.pem”)
  
  After that you can just write “tweets” in your R console and all the downloaded tweets are displayed
Ganesan

Hi Julian, I am getting a strange issue with twitteR …

When I try to do the handshake, the prompt to get the PIN is not waiting enough to get the pin … after couple of seconds, it says “Error: Unauthorized”. I have pasted the session info in the end.

credential <- OAuthFactory$new(consumerKey="key",consumerSecret="key",requestURL="https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token" ,accessURL="https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token",authURL="https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize");

credential$handshake(cainfo="cacert.pem")

To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=a8fLZZmWR2NnAtnL9uYlVZf11ntaKrO1SvNJmrzkPwg
When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here:
Error: Unauthorized

Session Info:
R version 3.0.1 (2013-05-16)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United Kingdom.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_United Kingdom.1252
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United Kingdom.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C
[5] LC_TIME=English_United Kingdom.1252

attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base

other attached packages:
[1] twitteR_1.1.7 rjson_0.2.12 ROAuth_0.9.3 digest_0.6.3 RJSONIO_1.0-3 RCurl_1.95-4.1
[7] bitops_1.0-5

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] tools_3.0.1
Deepak

Hey there. . . .Do you have any tutorials regarding ARIMA in R. . .And is it worth to predict the future values using ARIMA??? Am actually doing a project regarding it. . .
Pingback: Sentiment Analysis on Twitter with Viralheat API | julianhi's Blog()
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Tonie

What kind of sampling is this???
Deepak raj

When we use the command:
>SearchTwitter(“#Keyword”,n=1500)
So, n=1500 is what kind of sampling method.
And the second query is can we use combination of words like “#HCL salary” like wise. .So how can I do that…
- julianhi
  
  Hey Deepak raj
  SearchTwitter gets real-time tweets. So you get the 1500 newest tweets matching your search term. In an upcoming release Twitter will change this to popular tweets. So the API will just release popular tweets by default. But they will publish some information before the release.
  
  TwitteR is just a parser to translate the R code and call the Twitter API with your parameters. So you just have the option to use one search string. But this search string can contain everything you want. It can contain accounts like “@julianhi” and also hashtags. So your example “#HCL salary” gives you tweets containing the hashtag #HCL and the word salary.
  Hope i could help you
  - Deepak
    
    Yes. I have tried a lot of times using “#HCL salary” but the API returns not even a single tweet 🙁
    - julianhi
      
      Hey!
      The problem in your case is the keyword.
      If you go to the normal twitter website and search for “#hcl salary” there are just something about 5 tweets ever written with these keywords. And the twitteR search which uses the Twitter API can just return recent ones, but the last tweet containing your keywords was written months ago.
      So in other words: there are just no recent tweets containing your keywords
Jonathan Chibois (@laspic)

Hello !
Thanks a lot for this tutorial.
Simple question : is there any way to move (or backup) the cacert.pem file to use it to avoid doing the handshake each time ?
For example, I’m actually doing the handshake in a the R terminal, because there is a bug in Rstudio about copy/paste the url (mentionned for example here : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15958512/invalid-request-token-using-oauth-and-r-is-the-r-code-correct). Is it possible to use in R Studio the cacert.pem file handshaked by the terminal ?
- julianhi
  
  Hey Jonathan!
  The handshaked cacert file should be saved on your system. So you just be able to use it with RStudio.
  I also had this problems with RStudio and i´ll take a look at it again. I´ll send you some feedback within the next days
Deepak

Hi there, Another query:

I tried something new and and I get lot of errors. Plz help me out in this.

1)got the tweets about specific keyword and I also copied some of the reviews in websites.
How could I append it to the tweets and do the same sentiment analysis.

2)What is the code to copy all the tweets to a file.

3)can I get the tweets in a file and add those reviews from websites along with it and read the file again in R and do the same sentiment analysis. If Yes, tell me how plz…
Jani

Julianhi,
at first I like to than you for your website. It has been very helpful. My question concerns retrieving tweets. Is it possible to retrieve tweets that were created, let’s say, in the past two years? Not every tweet generated but for a certain keyword, e.g., “Samsung”.
- julianhi
  
  Hey Jani,
  Thanks for your comment.
  But it’s not possible to get tweets older than let’s say 3 months via the Twitter API. That’s caused by Twitter’s restrictions. You can just get these Tweets from an official Twitter Data Reseller with full firehose access like GNIP. But these services are very expensive.
  I hope I could help you.
  - Jani
    
    Thanks for your quick reply. It was helpful.
clark

hi,
i’m a fresher with R. thanks for your guidance
i got a ‘ true’ after complete your code , but I cannot search tweets…

“SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:nerror:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed”
Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, “GET”, …) :
Error: SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:
error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed

wats the problem?
- julianhi
  
  Hey clark,
  do you have some more information for me?
  Do you use windows and RStudio?
  - Claudia
    
    Hi julianhi
    compliments for your work and blog. I’m italian so I do not speak English very well, so sorry in advance. I have a problem to complete the authentication phase. Oauth has not completed its handshake because answer: Errore Forbidden. This is my script:
    > require(twitteR)
    >
    > reqURL accessURL authURL consumerKey consumerSecret if (!file.exists(‘cacert.perm’)){
    + download.file(url = ‘http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem’,
    + destfile=’cacert.perm’)
    + }
    provo con l’URL ‘http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem’
    Content type ‘unknown’ length 241697 bytes (236 Kb)
    URL aperto
    downloaded 236 Kb
    
    > twitCred curl = getCurlHandle()
    > options(RCurlOptions = list(capath = system.file(‘CurlSSL’, ‘cacert.pem’,
    + package = ‘RCurl’), ssl.verifypeer = FALSE))
    > curlSetOpt(.opts = list(proxy = ‘proxyserver:port’), curl = curl)
    An object of class “CURLHandle”
    Slot “ref”:
    
    > twitCred$handshake()
    To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
    http://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=vWwCyCh1sZ8iQyaQEl2nFcV1FUR1JsOrAt0EpXfycUs
    When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here: xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
    Errore: Forbidden
    > #verifica
    > registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)
    Errore in registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred) :
    oauth has not completed its handshake
    >
    
    I have searched the internet for a solution but nothing. I’m in the stall and I can not go on. You can help me?
    - julianhi
      
      Hey Claudia,
      Thanks for reaching out and sorry for the late answer. I’ve updated the code and the tutorial and the new code should solve your problem. Let me know if it worked.
      Regards
Deepak

Hey there,
Can I get tweets on some past date???
If I want to take tweets on 1st November 2013, Can I do it?
- julianhi
  
  Hey Deepak,
  didn´t notice your question. Sorry for that.
  But you can´t get tweets from a certain past date as the Twitter API forbids it. You can just use the searchTwitter() function and you get the most recent tweets. You might then sort them by date and hope to find some tweets from the date you are looking for. But it is not a good solution. Better you build a Twitter Archive (http://thinktostart.wordpress.com/2013/10/22/build-your-own-twitter-archive-and-analyzing-infrastructure-with-mongodb-java-and-r-part-1/) and save all the tweets on they day you want to analyze.
  I hope i could help you.
  
  Regards
R Jagadeesh

I am getting error msg after this line… can you please help me find a solution?
download.file(url= “http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem”, destfile = “cacert.pem”)
Error in download.file(url = “http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem”, destfile = “cacert.pem”) :
cannot open destfile ‘cacert.pem’, reason ‘Permission denied’
- julianhi
  
  Hey R Jagadeesh
  sorry for my late answer.
  Could please give me some more information?
  Do you use RStudio or the normale R framework?
  
  Julian
  - Deepak
    
    Hey there,
    Kindly reply to my previous question!!
Pingback: Twitter Followers Map with RProvider | Sergey Tihon's Blog()
satya

i want to code for twitter follower and friend list using R code (output will be get in the form of matrix) .give me guidiance
satya

is it any possible for other(public page) facebook a/c using R code
mkminn

Hi Julian – I received less errors using this piece of good, but I am still having trouble. You have been really helpful with some of the others on your blog and thought you might spare a minute or two. I can get my PIN but I’m still “Forbidden” – ouch!

## Not run:
> ## A real example, but using a fictitious consumerkey and consumer
> ## secret – you’ll need to supply your own
> reqURL accessURL authURL consumerKey consumerSecret twitCred twitCred$handshake()
To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
http://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=Hzn2Sk7ljRTA2rOdBXhJAe0JQscNlY5wCIf6OBkT7M
When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here:

registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)
Error: Forbidden
- julianhi
  
  Hey,
  You have to use the new updates code and everything should work.
  Regards
vivek ratan

Hi Julianhi,
i used the same above code with my consumer key & secert key. Initailly this code was working on my PC but now i am facing an error :Forrbiden.

reqURL <- "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token"

accessURL <- "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token"

authURL <- "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize"

consKey <- "Myconsumerkey"

consSecret <- "Mysecrectkey"

twitCred twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”))
Error: Forbidden

Please help me. to resolve it. i need urgently to complete my POC.
contact me:- vratan009@gmail.com
vivek
- julianhi
  
  Hey Vivek,
  I updated my code just a few days ago, because Twitter changed the API access options.
  
  But if you use the code above everything should work find. I see you still used the old code.
  Regards
vivek ratan

Hey julianhi,

Thanks, i ran the above code and it ran fine. Thanks for providing the quick response.

Regards
CJ

Hi Julian, first of all, thanks so much for this blog and your tutorials, they have been incredibly helpful.

I followed your instructions using R instead of RStudio since I couldn’t copy the URL there. Everything works fine until I get to the final line of the code. Then I get the error: “oauth has not completed its handshake”.

The file cacert.pem is in the folder I set as the working directory. I checked the consumer key and secret and updated R and all packages to the latest version.

I’m really not sure what went wrong. Have you come across this?

Your help would be very much appreciated. Thanks!
CJ

Update: After a bit of ‘trial and error’, I found the solution: In the application settings, I changed the Application Type to “Read, Write and Access direct messages”. Then I had to log out and log in again, and now it works. Just in case anyone else has the same problem. 🙂
- julianhi
  
  Hey CJ,
  Sorry for the late answer. But thank you for sharing your solution! I’m sure that it can help others as well.
  Regards
FX Jollois

Hi,

I try to use the presented code, and I can’t complete the handshake. Here is the executed code and the error messages given by R.

thanks for help, if possible.
Regards
FX Jollois

> # Set SSL certs globally
> options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)))
> # Request token URL https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token
> reqURL # Authorize URL https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize
> authURL # Access token URL https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token
> accessURL # Consumer key
> consumerKey # Consumer secret
> consumerSecret twitCred twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”))
To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
http://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=…
When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here: …
Error: Forbidden
> registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)
Error in registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred) :
oauth has not completed its handshake
- julianhi
  
  Hey FX Jollois,
  Did you add your consumer key and access token you received when you created your app on twitter?
  Regards
- julianhi
  
  An other user had a similar problem. Maybe you try his solution:
  “After a bit of ‘trial and error’, I found the solution: In the application settings, I changed the Application Type to “Read, Write and Access direct messages”. Then I had to log out and log in again, and now it works. “
FX Jollois

Yes ! I have just remove them to publish the code. And I just see that the message is quietly diffrent from how I write it.

Regards
FX Jollois
FX Jollois

Nope… Still don’t work… I will try later. Maybe patience is the better way…

Regards
FX Jollois
- julianhi
  
  I will take a look at the code later this day. If you can find the problem please let me know.
  Regards
FX Jollois

It is fixed ! I add “s” to “http” and everything works ! I have missed my mistake .

Thanks for help, and many thanks for the code !
FX
Claudia

Hi Julianhi
I solved it so:
#load data authentication previously saved
load(“twitter_authentication.Rdata”)
library(RCurl)
curl = getCurlHandle()
options(RCurlOptions = list(capath = system.file(‘CurlSSL’, ‘cacert.pem’,package = ‘RCurl’), ssl.verifypeer = FALSE))
curlSetOpt(.opts = list(proxy = ‘proxyserver:port’), curl = curl)
twitCred$handshake()
registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)

Regards
Alessandro

Hi Julian,

Clear explanation, as always. I have one problem: when I try to connect, just after I am asked to enter my PIN (but before I have any chance to do so), I receive an “Error: Unauthorized”. I cannot make my head around what could be causing this behaviour. I tested it from different machines and with/without proxy, nothing worked so far.

I also open a question on Stack Exchange, where I posted the whole code: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21682266/unauthorized-error-with-twitter-oauth
- julianhi
  
  Hey Alessandro,
  this problem often occurs when you enter the whole code at once and hit enter.
  You should run the code line by line. This should solve your problem.
  Please let me know if this worked for you.
  
  Regards
Nikhil Tuli

Hi Julian,

I am following certain users on twitter as part of my research project.

I seek to download tweets through R software for the following three scenarios (Assuming user as XYZ)

1. What XYZ is tweeting?

2. What people are saying about XYZ on twitter?

3. What are the tweets made by XYZ that are being retweeted by users?

For the first scenario, I am make use of the following code:
rdmTweets.list <- userTimeline('@xyz', n=100, cainfo="cacert.pem")
Is this the right approach?

I am making use of following code to download mentions of XYZ on twitter. But the first line also takes into account retweets.
original.list<-searchTwitter('@xyz',n=1000, cainfo="cacert.pem")
original.list<-searchTwitter('#xyz',n=1000, cainfo="cacert.pem")

Kindly comment as to how I can separately download tweets for the above mentioned three scenarios.

TIA.

Regards,
Nikhil.
- julianhi
  
  Hey Nikhil,
  sorry for the late answer.
  
  1.) Yes, this is the right approach to get the users tweets.
  
  2.) You can find the retweets with the following code. It helps you to find the retweets and then you can delete them from your list.
  
  # regular expressions to find retweets
  grep(“(RT|via)((?:\b\W*@\w+)+)”, tweets,
  ignore.case=TRUE, value=TRUE)
  
  # which tweets are retweets
  rt_patterns = grep(“(RT|via)((?:\b\W*@\w+)+)”,
  tweet_txt, ignore.case=TRUE)
  
  # show retweets (these are the ones we want to delete)
  tweet_txt[rt_patterns]
  
  I used it in this tutorial:
  http://thinktostart.wordpress.com/2013/06/25/visualize-retweets-with-r/
  
  3.) When you download the user timeline, you can find the retweet value in the answer. It is an answer
  which tells you how often it was retweeted.
  To find these retweets could be a little bit more difficult.
  
  I hope I could help you.
  If you have any further questions feel free to ask.
  
  Regards
Nikhil Tuli

Hi Julian,

I have downloaded twitter data using R in .csv format. These are the fields :

text favorited favoriteCount replyToSN created truncated replyToSID id replyToUID statusSource screenName retweetCount isRetweet retweeted longitude latitude

For a given tweet in .csv file, the value of retweetCount>0 though the value for retweeted=0. I am not able to exactly discern the meaning for these three different fields (retweetCount, isRetweet, retweeted).

Could you please help me understand the same?

TIA
- julianhi
  
  Hey Nikhil,
  So
  retweetCount – How often it was retweeted
  isRetweet – Is this tweet a retweet or an original tweet?
  retweeted – Was the tweet retweeted? (true/false)
  
  So there seems to be a problem with the API. I don´t really know why it returns these values but I found a lot of similar questions in the Twitter forum but no real answer.
  I will take a look at this topic again.
  
  Regards
Nikhil Tuli

A small clarification with respect to the above post

Value for retweeted is FALSE even though retweetCount>0.
Onkar khaladkar

Hi julian
I am calculating sentiment from twitter tweets.I have a question can we fetch conversations from a single tweet that is fetched in search twitter function.
- julianhi
  
  Hey Onkar,
  I think that this is not possible on the direct way. You can just search all the tweets you downloaded for connections. To have access to the whole Twitter data you would need something like a Firehose access.
  
  Regards
phdcs

I get the following error by executing : twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)):
Error in function (type, msg, asError = TRUE) :
Could not resolve host: api.twitter.com; Host not found, try again

how to resolve this issue?
- julianhi
  
  Hey phdcs,
  sorry for the late answer.
  It seems like there was something wrong with the Twitter API. It should work again now, does it?
  
  Regards
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Tasos

Well after I make the authentication and all the necessary, I get this as a result!

twitterMap(“socialmedia2day”, fileName=”Map_socialmedia2day.pdf”, nMax=3000)
Getting data from Twitter, this may take a moment.
Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(paste(“users”, “show”, sep = “/”), params = params, :
OAuth authentication is required with Twitter’s API v1.1

Problem on twitter????
- julianhi
  
  Hey Tasos,
  Did you receive a “true” after the authentication process?
  
  Regards
  - Tasos
    
    after I pasted the PIN in R then I had just the next line to give a command.
    no true no false!
    thx.
- julianhi
  
  Hey Tasos,
  it seems like you forgot the last row in the code.
  The authentication is not done after you inserted the PIN. You have to execute the line:
  registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)
  This line will then, if everything works well, return a “TRUE”.
  Then you are ready to go.
  
  Regards
Barns

Hey Julian!

Everything works until the point:

> twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”))
Error: Unauthorized
>
> registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)
Error in registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred) :
oauth has not completed its handshake

Any idea?
- julianhi
  
  Hey Barns,
  You have to execute the code line by line. Did you do so? Because otherwise the code skips the line where you have to enter your PIN.
  
  Regards
  - Barns
    
    Yep, did it line by line, but after running line 14, console says “Error: Unauthorized” :/ The keys are definetely correct (Used Mozilla and my personal Account)
    - julianhi
      
      Could you please copy-and-paste your R history here? It could help me finding the error.
      
      Regards
      - Barns
        
        Thanks again for your quick response! Somehow i got it yesterday until that point. I think the problem was a double-twitter-login with two different accounts…
  - mrplume
    
    same problem, but I use just one twitter account
    
    R logs
    
    > library(twitteR,igraph)
    Le chargement a nécessité le package : ROAuth
    Le chargement a nécessité le package : RCurl
    Le chargement a nécessité le package : bitops
    Le chargement a nécessité le package : digest
    Le chargement a nécessité le package : rjson
    > library(RCurl)
    > options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)))
    > require(twitteR)
    > reqURL accessURL authURL apiKey apiSecret twitCred twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”))
    Erreur : Unauthorized
    > twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”))
    Erreur : Unauthorized
    
    can you help me please ?
    - julianhi
      
      Hey,
      I just updated the tutorial.
      Please refresh the page and see if it works with the new code.
      
      Regards
Supri Amir

library(twitteR)
library(stringr)
library(RCurl)

reqURL <-"https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token"
accessURL <- "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token"
authURL <- "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize"
consumerKey="xxxxxxxxxxx" % i have this key
comsumerSecret="xxxxxxxxxx" % i have this key

download.file(url="http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem",destfile="cacert.pem") % for what??

twitCred <- OAuthFactory$new(consumerKey=consumerKey,
consumerSecret=consumerSecret,
requestURL=reqURL,
accessURL=accessURL,
authURL=authURL)

twitCred$handshake(cainfo="cacert.pem") # curl is a command line tool for transfering
registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)

Hai julian,

I wanna ask you several question.

1. I try to run this code but still error because "unauthorized". i am working with mac os.
How to solve it?

2.This code for what?? should i download this file?
download.file(url="http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem",destfile="cacert.pem")

3.it there have different setting for the cacert.pem???
- julianhi
  
  Hey, using the most recent version of the code should solve all your problems. I updated the tutorial a few weeks ago.
  
  Regards
Pingback: Create Twitter Wordcloud with Sentiments | julianhi's Blog()
Stu

Please help!! I am having “unauthorized” when started searching. This problem has been several days. So I decided to create another application today. Could that be my application setting? Below is my R console output:

> Cred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”))
To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=YZGu3jRN2ZxG9IwvhvEJMcR9oXTw2GcV8geGp49ME
When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here: 8357550
> registerTwitterOAuth(Cred)
[1] TRUE
> save(Cred, file=”twitter authentication rkresnadi1.Rdata”)
> twitlst <- searchTwitter("sustainable development", n=1000, cainfo="cacert.pem")
[1] "Unauthorized"
Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, "GET", …) :
Error: Unauthorized
- julianhi
  
  Hey Stu,
  your code seems to be ok. I saw that you changes the name of the Credentials Object to Cred, but that shouldn´t be a problem if you did this in your whole code. But you receive a “TRUE” which normally tells you that the authentication was successful. Could you also please post the first part of your code?
  Regards
nolly

please why am i getting error: forbidden
> library(twitteR)
Loading required package: ROAuth
Loading required package: RCurl
Loading required package: bitops
Loading required package: digest
Loading required package: rjson
Warning messages:
1: package ‘twitteR’ was built under R version 3.0.2
2: package ‘ROAuth’ was built under R version 3.0.2
3: package ‘RCurl’ was built under R version 3.0.2
4: package ‘digest’ was built under R version 3.0.2
> library(plyr)

Attaching package: ‘plyr’

The following object is masked from ‘package:twitteR’:

id

Warning message:
package ‘plyr’ was built under R version 3.0.2
> library(stringr)
Warning message:
package ‘stringr’ was built under R version 3.0.2
> library(ROAuth)
> download.file(url=”http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem”, destfile=”cacert.pem”)
trying URL ‘http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem’
Content type ” length 250283 bytes (244 Kb)
opened URL
downloaded 244 Kb

> requestURL accessURL = “http://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token”
> authURL consumerKey = “myKey”
> consumerSecret = “mySecret”
> Cred Cred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”) )
Error: Forbidden
- julianhi
  
  Hey nolly,
  Please use the updates code. You use old code.
  Then everything should work.
  
  Regards
satya

where is updated code in your blog please give me your link
- julianhi
  
  Hey satya
  The updated code is the code above. But the code used in the question before was an Old version.
  So just use the code from the Tutorial and everything should work.
  
  Regards
CMG

Hi julianhi,

I’m having the same problem retrieving tweets.

> tweets = searchTwitter(“sustainable development”, n=200, cainfo=”cacert.pem”)
[1] “Unauthorized”
Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, “GET”, …) :
Error: Unauthorized

Here is my code, I’m putting it in line by line. Using RStudio Version 0.98.501 on Mac.

> library(RCurl)
> options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)))
> require(twitteR)
> reqURL accessURL authURL apiKey apiSecret twitCred twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”))
To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=KiysFMXkw1ggdHGviVv5U8Yef4ooZxw7AZ89L1LSmFM
When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here: 1234567
> registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)
[1] TRUE
> tweets = searchTwitter(“sustainable development”, n=200, cainfo=”cacert.pem”)
[1] “Unauthorized”
Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, “GET”, …) :
Error: Unauthorized

Please help!

CMG
- CMG
  
  Hi J,
  
  here’s the complete code, I messed up the last post. Like I said, I’m using RSudio on Mac
  
  > library(RCurl)
  Loading required package: bitops
  > options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)))
  > require(twitteR)
  Loading required package: twitteR
  Loading required package: ROAuth
  Loading required package: digest
  Loading required package: rjson
  > reqURL accessURL authURL apiKey apiSecret twitCred twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”))
  To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
  https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=epAv0cZJWd7sRayMvKwDPVjQtPiVnmX1dK1AKEZjVg
  When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here: 1234567
  > registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)
  [1] TRUE
  > tweets = searchTwitter(“MMR”, n=200, cainfo=”cacert.pem”)
  [1] “Unauthorized”
  Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, “GET”, …) :
  Error: Unauthorized
  - CMG
    
    Ok, there isn’t enough room to put up the whole code, can I email it to you?
    - julianhi
      
      Hey CMG,
      sorry for the late answer but I was very busy.
      I can´t find a bug in your code at the moment.
      But did you try do execute it in the normal R console?
      Sometimes the authentication does not really complete in RStudio.
      
      Regards
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Darth_vedR

Hello, I am having also the error forbidden during the handshake:

To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
http://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=FWJevpPdDnZrbuqmmkyrQzcUZzRNR3we83LlJdAXnY
When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here: 1817865
Error: Forbidden

And I tried many times…..

here is my code:

library(twitteR)
library(RCurl)
# Set SSL certs globally
options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)))

require(twitteR)
reqURL <- "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token"
accessURL <- "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token"
authURL <- "http://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize"
consumerKey <- "xpArd5lrnnjxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
consumerSecret <- "jFF4fG3wrhx7Ya8P8xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
twitCred <- OAuthFactory$new(consumerKey=consumerKey,
consumerSecret=consumerSecret,
requestURL=reqURL,
accessURL=accessURL,
authURL=authURL)

twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file("CurlSSL", "cacert.pem", package = "RCurl"))
registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)

What did I miss ? Do you think SSL is not working properly ?
- julianhi
  
  Hey,
  I just updated the tutorial.
  Please refresh the page and see if it works with the new code.
  
  Regards
Frank

Good afternoon, I’ve read through the comments and while I saw the same issue (Error: Unauthorized) I didn’t see a way to resolve it.

> twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”))
To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=xyz…
When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here:

You mention to use the most updated code but I think I am. Here’s what I’m using:

library(RCurl)
# Set SSL certs globally
options(RCurlOptions = list(cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)))

require(twitteR)
reqURL <- "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token"
accessURL <- "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token"
authURL <- "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize"
apiKey <- "removed"
apiSecret <- "removed"

twitCred <- OAuthFactory$new(consumerKey=apiKey,consumerSecret=apiSecret,requestURL=reqURL,accessURL=accessURL,authURL=authURL)

twitCred$handshake(cainfo = system.file("CurlSSL", "cacert.pem", package = "RCurl"))

registerTwitterOAuth(twitCred)
- julianhi
  
  Hey,
  I just updated the tutorial.
  Please refresh the page and see if it works with the new code.
  
  Regards
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Rodrigo Nifla Cornejo

Hi Julianhi i got this error can u help me please?

Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  could you please post the code until the error appears?
  
  Regards
  - Rodrigo Nifla Cornejo
    
    this is my code
    
    install.packages(c(“devtools”, “rjson”, “bit64”, “httr”))
    
    #RESTART R session!
    
    library(devtools)
    install_github(“twitteR”, username=”geoffjentry”)
    library(twitteR)
    
    api_key <- "mwcOI7mNkPUhxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
    
    api_secret <- "BwyN7OvghbPSW9RDSaSzVu0aRhhxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
    
    access_token <- "2829195264-D8HgRXZCyUd193lxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
    
    access_token_secret <- "2829195264-D8HgRXZCyUd193lC5ILEFxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
    
    setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret,access_token,access_token_secret)
    
    and after setup_twitter_oauth is executed the erros appears
    
    Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
    This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’
    
    i think httr is 401 but i dont know how to change it
    
    thanks
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Abidal Alaoui

i hope you can read my poste.
I followed the instruction step by step, and I still have this problem: ( Erreur : Authorization Required twitter )

my code is :

requestURL<- "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token"
accessURL <- "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token"
authURL <- "https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize"
consumerKey <- "..scrt….IX4hvp7lm00"
consumerSecret <- "REoChpe…scrt……..I0"
Cred <- OAuthFactory$new(consumerKey = consumerKey,
consumerSecret = consumerSecret,
requestURL = requestURL,
accessURL = accessURL,
authURL = authURL)
Cred$handshake()

can you please help me.

PS: My OS is opensue 12.3
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  where exactly does this error appear?
  I have never seen this error before. Did you load the twitteR package?
  
  Regards
- rayo
  
  Hope u dont mind if i comment.
  i ran into this same error but my advice is to follow the same step thats in this blog not this one you are using. You might want to try it on the Rgui first not rstudio.
  if it works on the Gui refresh rstudio n try it the authentication through there.
  
  if you still want to use this then try checkin you token n keys they might have changed.
  but if you get this error when you to register the oauth then i think registeroauth is no longer a function.
  
  hop this helps
Pingback: Twitter Authentication | DailyGadgets()
rayo

Hi when i try to download the twitteR package from your github account i keep getting
“Warning message:
Username parameter is deprecated. Please use geoffjentry/twitteR”
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  library(devtools)
  install_github(“twitteR”, username=”geoffjentry”)
  library(twitteR)
  
  did you use these steps?
  
  Regards
  - rayo
    
    thank you. It works now i guess the error didnt change anything.
    
    went into packages and i noticed it already dowloaded it.
    
    thanks.
nurandi

Thank you, Julian. I find your blog is useful.
I followed tutorial from you to get twitter authentication a couple days ago, and it worked. But now, after updated R and twitteR package to the latest version, it return error message when execute setup_twitter_oauth() function. “Error: could not find function “setup_twitter_oauth”. twitteR package and dependencies have been loaded properly. Would appreciate any suggestion and advice.
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  which version of the twitteR package do you use?
  The newest available is 1.1.8 at the moment and you have to get it from github.
  And you can also see that the setup_twitter_oauth() function is still available:
  https://github.com/geoffjentry/twitteR/blob/master/R/oauth.R
  
  Regards
  - nurandi
    
    I re-installed twitteR package via install.packages(“twitteR”) command two day ago. It is twitteR 1.1.7, according to sessionInfo(). FYI, setup_twitter_oauth() function worked as expected before I re-installed the package. Must I re-install package from github?
  - nurandi
    
    Hi, my problem has been solved after I re-installing twitteR package from github, instead from CRAN 🙂
mattia

Hi, I’m trying to use tha package twitteR, following what is written above.
I installed the package as you said, and then:

library(twitteR)

api_key <-"…"

api_secret <- "…"

access_token <- "…"

access_token_secret <- "…"

setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret,access_token,access_token_secret)

But this error occurs:

[1] "Using direct authentication"
Errore in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()'

I don't know what is it!! can you help me?

thank you !
Mat
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  do you have the most recent version of the twitteR package?
  And are you using RStudio and/or Windows?
  
  Regards
  - Mattia
    
    Hi! Two days ago I re-install R and twitteR package and now it is working!
    But one more question: I see that I can download tweets of the past, but only for the 7 previous days! I need to use older tweets? Do you have any suggestions (I’m a student, I can’t pay too much for having them).
    Thank you,
    Mattia
    - JulianHi
      
      Hey
      this is because of restrictions of the Twitter API. You can just get recent tweets.
      Twitter does not talk about this limits in detail and they can vary.
      So there is no way to get old tweets. Your only way in the moment is saving the results every day and get all new tweets.
      
      I hope that Twitter will open their archive they created recently where they allow you to search all tweets ever written.
      Maybe they will make it accessible through their API. I will update the post if I hear something new.
      
      Regards
      - Mattia
        
        ok, thank you!
- rayo
  
  @mattia try running it first on the R GUI not rstudio. Ensure u install twitteR package from Github
GIN

Hi, there
I HAVE THIS ERROR

Error: could not find function “setup_twitter_oauth”
- GIN
  
  HI AGAIN ..
  I SOLVE the problem ..i install twitteR from github its better ..
  
  NOW THE thing i want most .. what is the script so can i get some user attribute ? like the time he tweet , his location if he put
  if he put a background pic >> etc
  i have a research about how to find out if this account is fake or real !!
Abhi

Hi,
While handshaking to get the pin, twiter api page is showing “SSL is required”. Please help.
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  do you use windows and Rstudio?
  
  Regards
- Akshit bhatnagar
  
  when you get redirected to the link in browser then type https:// at the starting of link.this will work out as i have faced a same problem
Harald

With httr 0.6.0 and twitteR_1.1.8 everything works out fine.
Pingback: Doing a Sentiment Analysis on Tweets (Part 1) | jake learns data science()
Nickolas Jones

Ahoy there,

THANK YOU for this excellent resource 🙂 Last week I was able to use the code you have provided above to authenticate with twitter in Rstudio (windows), but it stopped working a few days ago. I’m getting this error:

Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’

I’m using the latest packages (I think):
other attached packages:
[1] twitteR_1.1.8

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] bit_1.1-12 bit64_0.9-4 bitops_1.0-6 DBI_0.3.1 digest_0.6.7
[6] httr_0.6.0 R6_2.0.1 RCurl_1.95-4.5 rjson_0.2.15 stringr_0.6.2
[11] tools_3.1.1

I do have Rtools installed (if that matters).

I attempted to run your script in Rstudio (ubuntu) and found some success with it last night — but I had to clear the Rhistory and gitignore files for it to work again after restarting Rstudio…

I’m a COMPLETE novice at all of this — feels like I’m grabbing at straws to make it work! Any insights would be greatly appreciated!

Thank you!
-Nickolas
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  hm I can´t see what could cause the problem directly. The twitteR package 1.1.8 is the most recent package.
  There seem to be several people with your problem as you can see here: https://github.com/geoffjentry/twitteR/issues/74
  I will take a look at it but it seems like a little bug in the package itself.
  
  Regards
Lovrenc

HI, interesting post, this is my second try to get the Twitter api and R working and I like your “variable approach”. However, the function setup_twitter_oauth does not exist in my package twitteR… (Error: could not find function “setup_twitter_oauth”) am I missing something? Thank you in advance, all the best.
- Lovrenc
  
  HI, there, I have solved, the issue, it looks I have not started to read the post from the top 🙂 sorry, anyway, I have been missing all the needed packages from the top. So far it works, thanks again for a nice and simple solution! Lovrenc
Lovrenc

Hi,
I can use the function searchTwitter(“iphone”), however, when I try to use the dmSend(‘Testing out twitteR!’, ‘xxx’) … xxx = the reg. user of the twitter app. … anyway, the function does not work, I get the

Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(“direct_messages/new”, params = params, :
OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’

I hope I have a typo, anyway, do you know how to make this function work?

Thank you in advance.
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  are you using windows? There are sometimes problems with the certificates.
  And do you use the most recent version of the package from github?
  
  Regards
  - nurandi
    
    Hi Julian, I got this error (authentication error) too since a couple days ago.
    Do you know how to solve this issue?
    
    Here are some infos about R session :
    —
    R version 3.1.2 (2014-10-31)
    Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
    —
    other attached packages:
    [1] twitteR_1.1.8
    
    loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
    [1] bit_1.1-12 bit64_0.9-4 DBI_0.3.1 httr_0.6.1 rjson_0.2.15
    [6] stringr_0.6.2 tools_3.1.2
    - nurandi
      
      Update.
      I tried in Linux. The problem also exist.
      
      —
      > sessionInfo()
      R version 3.1.2 (2014-10-31)
      Platform: x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu (64-bit)
      
      locale:
      [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
      [3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8
      [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8
      [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C
      [9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C
      [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
      
      attached base packages:
      [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
      
      other attached packages:
      [1] twitteR_1.1.8 devtools_1.6.1
      
      loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
      [1] bit_1.1-12 bit64_0.9-4 bitops_1.0-6 DBI_0.3.1 digest_0.6.8
      [6] httr_0.6.1 R6_2.0.1 RCurl_1.95-4.5 rjson_0.2.15 stringr_0.6.2
      [11] tcltk_3.1.2 tools_3.1.2
nurandi

Hey, I just tried running twitteR to get authentication and search tweets. It works now. I didn’t do any update. I don’t know why I got the error a couple days ago.

—

R version 3.1.2 (2014-10-31)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252

attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base

other attached packages:
[1] twitteR_1.1.8

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] bit_1.1-12 bit64_0.9-4 bitops_1.0-6 DBI_0.3.1 digest_0.6.4
[6] httr_0.6.1 R6_2.0.1 RCurl_1.95-4.5 rjson_0.2.15 stringr_0.6.2
[11] tools_3.1.2

—
Will

Hey, I am trying to use the since and until functionality:
searchTwitter(“iPhone”, since = ‘2015-01-01’, until = ‘2015-01-31’)

but i only get the following error:

Warning message:
In doRppAPICall(“search/tweets”, n, params = params, retryOnRateLimit = retryOnRateLimit, :
25 tweets were requested but the API can only return 0

I can use all other twitter functionality except for this, is there something wrong with my code? Or is it no longer supported? I am using R 3.1.2

Please could you advise,
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  your code seems to be fine. But the problem will be the Twitter API. They have very complicated restrictions especially when it comes to searching tweets on a certain date. So the API just does not give any tweets back. There is no workaround for this. You just have to try different dates and keywords and hope that the API gives you some tweets.
  
  Regards
Anne

Hi!

I am new to R, I am trying to extract Tweets for my thesis. When I follow all your steps, I get an error:

> setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret,access_token,access_token_secret)
[1] “Using direct authentication”
Use a local file to cache OAuth access credentials between R sessions?
1: Yes
2: No

Selection: 1
Adding .httr-oauth to .gitignore
Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’

Earlier I also got this message
In addition: Warning message:
Username parameter is deprecated. Please use geoffjentry/twitteR
–> Should I be using my own Twitterusername here?

What am I doing wrong? I am sorry if its the basic stuff I am doing wrong, anyone helping me so much thanks in advance 🙂
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  seems like you don´t have the most recent version of the twitteR package installed.
  You can find it here with detailed installation instructions: https://github.com/geoffjentry/twitteR
  
  Please let me know if that could solve your problem
  
  Regards
  - Anne
    
    Thanks so much for replying so fast, it means a lot to me (thesis time pressure and all!)
    
    I tried again, and I seem to be getting less errors. However, the problem is not fixed yet. My code:
    
    > install.packages(c(“devtools”, “rjson”, “bit64”, “httr”))
    Installing packages into ‘C:/Users/Eigenaar/Documents/R/win-library/3.1’
    (as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
    — Please select a CRAN mirror for use in this session —
    trying URL ‘http://cran.xl-mirror.nl/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/devtools_1.7.0.zip’
    Content type ‘application/zip’ length 310465 bytes (303 KB)
    opened URL
    downloaded 303 KB
    
    trying URL ‘http://cran.xl-mirror.nl/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/rjson_0.2.15.zip’
    Content type ‘application/zip’ length 493521 bytes (481 KB)
    opened URL
    downloaded 481 KB
    
    trying URL ‘http://cran.xl-mirror.nl/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/bit64_0.9-4.zip’
    Content type ‘application/zip’ length 455839 bytes (445 KB)
    opened URL
    downloaded 445 KB
    
    trying URL ‘http://cran.xl-mirror.nl/bin/windows/contrib/3.1/httr_0.6.1.zip’
    Content type ‘application/zip’ length 387761 bytes (378 KB)
    opened URL
    downloaded 378 KB
    
    package ‘devtools’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘rjson’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘bit64’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    package ‘httr’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
    
    The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\Eigenaar\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmp6dyFFD\downloaded_packages
    >
    # restart (no save or smth)
    
    > library(devtools)
    WARNING: Rtools is required to build R packages, but is not currently installed.
    
    Please download and install Rtools 3.1 from http://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/Rtools/ and then run find_rtools().
    > install_github(“geoffjentry/twitteR”)
    Downloading github repo geoffjentry/twitteR@master
    Installing twitteR
    “C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-31~1.3/bin/i386/R” –vanilla CMD INSTALL “C:/Users/Eigenaar/AppData/Local/Temp/RtmpacS0VO/devtoolsb7c13d41429/geoffjentry-twitteR-563a23c” \
    –library=”C:/Users/Eigenaar/Documents/R/win-library/3.1″ –install-tests
    
    * installing *source* package ‘twitteR’ …
    ** R
    ** inst
    ** preparing package for lazy loading
    Creating a generic function for ‘as.data.frame’ from package ‘base’ in package ‘twitteR’
    ** help
    *** installing help indices
    ** building package indices
    ** testing if installed package can be loaded
    *** arch – i386
    *** arch – x64
    * DONE (twitteR)
    > library(twitteR)
    > setup_twitter_oauth(“XXXXXXXXXXXX”, ” xxxxxxxxxxxx”)
    [1] “Using browser based authentication”
    Use a local file to cache OAuth access credentials between R sessions?
    1: Yes
    2: No
    
    Selection: 1
    Error in init_oauth1.0(self$endpoint, self$app, permission = self$params$permission) :
    client error: (401) Unauthorized
    - JulianHi
      
      Please try it with using all 4 parameters you can give to the auth function: setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret,access_token,access_token_secret)
      That should solve your problem.
      You can see in my post where you can get the additional information: http://thinktostart.com/twitter-authentification-with-r/
      
      Regards
      - Anne
        
        Thanks! When using the 4 parameters it works! You are a life saver! I’ll start working on the sentiment analysis later, thanks so much for helping out, will stick to your blog for further explanations 🙂
Eshaa

I am getting an error on the website url in the creating the application http://test.de/
- JulianHi
  
  What is the error?
  You can use there whatever URL you like.
  
  Regards
Yann

Hi!
I follow the instruction on github and installed the most recent version of twitteR, but when I run the code below using all 4 parameters, error still shows up

>setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret,access_token,access_token_secret)

[1] “Using direct authentication”
Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’

What can be the cause the error?
Can anyone help me out?

TIA
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  there are sometimes problems with the package and the twitteR api. Did you use the R console?
  Otherwise you should wait a few days and see if the problem still exists.
  
  Regards
- Andrew Fraser
  
  Make sure that your token keys don’t have any leading or trailing spaces. Cut ‘n paste from webpage introduces spaces.
Chaarvi

Hi,

I am using R Studio on Windows and I have my project presentation soon so this is kind of an urgency. I have pasted my R history here. I am gettign the check_twitter_oauth() error even though I have downloaded the new version of twitteR. Please help.

install_github(“twitteR”,”geoffjentry”)
Downloading github repo geoffjentry/twitteR@master
Installing twitteR
“C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-32~1.0/bin/x64/R” –vanilla CMD INSTALL \
“C:/Users/ChaarviGupta/AppData/Local/Temp/RtmpGWPrH3/devtoolsa0c7269407a/geoffjentry-twitteR-07d262f” \
–library=”C:/Users/ChaarviGupta/Documents/R/win-library/3.2″ –install-tests

* installing *source* package ‘twitteR’ …
** R
** inst
** preparing package for lazy loading
Creating a generic function for ‘as.data.frame’ from package ‘base’ in package ‘twitteR’
** help
*** installing help indices
** building package indices
** testing if installed package can be loaded
* DONE (twitteR)
Reloading installed twitteR
Warning message:
Username parameter is deprecated. Please use geoffjentry/twitteR
> library(twitteR)
> api_key
> api_secret access_token access_token_secret setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret,access_token,access_token_secret)
[1] “Using direct authentication”
Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’
- JulianHi
  
  Hey just to make sure: Did you define the credential variables like the api_key and so on?
  If yes please try it with the R console. Often this solves such problems.
  
  Regards
Lukmanul hakim

> twitCred$handshake(
+ cainfo = system.file(“CurlSSL”, “cacert.pem”, package = “RCurl”)
+ )
To enable the connection, please direct your web browser to:
http://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=SN1jQLGO1CxZUnb2FqALqLuMtwkgxhzI
When complete, record the PIN given to you and provide it here:
Error: Forbidden
can you help me to resolve this problem.please.,.,.
- JulianHi
  
  Hey
  seems like you are using an older version of the post. Could you please reload the page?
  The new version just uses the setup_twitter_oauth() function.
  
  Regards
Sayuri

Hi, I’m trying to perform this -> install_github(“twitteR”, username=”geoffjentry”) but it gets a a warning message -> Warning message:
Username parameter is deprecated. Please use geoffjentry/twitteR

Can you please help me with this?

Thankyou! 🙂
- Sayuri
  
  I’m sorry.. It seems that it’s okay 😀 Thanks anyway for the tutorial! 🙂
Seneca

I just wanted to say thank you. I have been trying to get this to work all day, and your walk through helped.
Pingback: Tutorial: Using R and Twitter to Analyse Consumer Sentiment | Keeping Up With The Latest Techniques()
Scott Robinett

I ended up using only the api_key and api_secret.

setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret)
[1] “Using browser based authentication”
- mythreya
  
  i got agian error in curl::curl_fetch_memory what can i do???
Mohammad Daoud

1] “Using direct authentication”
Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’

please give solution of my problem
- Julian Hillebrand
  
  Hey
  could you please show me the exact code you used?
  
  Regards
leonardo

Dear Julian,
I am trying to perform a sentiment analysis but when I arrived to that point:
> library(twitteR)
> api_key api_secret access_token access_token_secret setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret,access_token,access_token_secret)
[1] “Using direct authentication”
Use a local file to cache OAuth access credentials between R sessions?
1: Yes
2: No

Selection: 2
Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’
> 2
[1] 2
>
> searchTwitter(“iphone”)
Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, “GET”, …) :
client error: (400) Bad Request
I am no able to understand what is the problem. Could you help me?
thank you in advance,
Regards
- Julian Hillebrand
  
  Hey
  do you have the newest version of the twitteR package from GitHub?
  And did you update all dependencies to the newest version?
  
  Regards
AC Howe

Hi Julian,

I just updated the twitteR package, and all other packages are up to date. I have checked all of my twitter app settings, and from what I can tell they’re correct. The only questionable part is my callback url, which I have been instructed to set to “http://127.0.0.1:1410”. I am getting the same errors as mentioned by many:

Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’

This is my code:

> library(twitteR)
> consumer_key consumer_secret access_token access_secret setup_twitter_oauth(consumer_key, consumer_secret, access_token, access_secret)

Use a local file to cache OAuth access credentials between R sessions?
1: Yes
2: No
Selection: 1

I’m running R on a MacBook Pro (mid 2012)
- nurandi
  
  Please try
  install.packages(‘base64enc’)
  
  It works for me
  - Julian Hillebrand
    
    Thanks for the tip nurandi
  - Nikunj Jain
    
    thanks!
Srikrishnan S

Hi Julian,
I’m building a shiny application to extract tweets from twitter. Usually,when we call the setup_twitter_oauth() function , we later need to select to cache the credentials.Is there any way to make it automatic ?
- Julian Hillebrand
  
  Hey
  I am currently working on the same problem. But I don´t have a solution yet.
  Please let me know if you find a way to do it automatically.
  
  Best regards
surya Jayaraj

Hi Julian,

I am using the exact code that you have mentioned here in this blog.The problem is sometimes am getting the tweets and sometimes I don’t.

I am getting this error::

Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:

This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’

why is this happening.I am running the code in RGUI and not in Rstudio.
Bhawna Rawat

hi Julian,
i went to the developers site and logged in with my account .
following this when i clicked on my profile picture the only options i am getting is either (sign out) or (go to twitter).
what should i do to get “my applications” as an option?
- Bhawna Rawat
  
  got it found it in a round way
  
  here is the link–>https://apps.twitter.com/app/new
Naveen Srikanth

Hi Julian,

I hope everything is going good. I am stuck with a big problem please help me .
I got access to twitter special permission requesting for users email address. Please check image attached

Now when I am trying to use searchTwitter function I am not able to retreive email address. Where am I going wrong ?. Please do help me in crossing this hurdle
raviteja

Thank u soo much..Seriously it helped a lot. I have seen other sites, but no use. I followed the exact steps mentioned above and got the output.
- Julian Hillebrand
  
  Glad to hear that
Akshit bhatnagar

thanks julian you saved my day…
- Julian Hillebrand
  
  Thank you!
Anitha

pos=scan(“positive-words.txt”,what=”character”,comment.char = “;”)
Error in file(file, “r”) : cannot open the connection
In addition: Warning message:
In file(file, “r”) :
cannot open file ‘positive-words.txt’: No such file or directory
- Julian Hillebrand
  
  Hi Anitha,
  did you download the files with the positive and negative words?
  You can find them here: https://github.com/mjhea0/twitter-sentiment-analysis/tree/master/wordbanks
  
  Regards
  Julian
  - Anitha
    
    thank u sir
anitha

sentence <- gsub("d+",'', sentence)
Error: 'd' is an unrecognized escape in character string starting ""d"
plz resolve me this error
isomorphisms

Thanks Julian.

FWIW, if you already have the access token & access secret in https://apps.twitter.com/app/xxxxxxxx/keys console, setup_twitter_oauth() will accept those and you won’t have to mess with the browser.
Shwetha Vasudeva

Hi,
I’m stuck at the very beginning. Please help.

Whenever I run the following command, I end up with the error which says api_secret not found. Not sure why that is.

setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret)

Error in structure(list(appname = appname, secret = secret, key = key), :
object ‘api_secret’ not found

Thanks in advance.
- Uğur Yıldız
  
  try this:
  setup_twitter_oauth(consumer_key = “your consumer key”,
  consumer_secret = “your consumer secret”,
  access_token = “your access token”,
  access_secret = “your access secret”)
  
  copy and paste in as one line. it worked for me.
malpower2

hey julian i dont understand this
> setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret)
[1] “Using browser based authentication”
Error in init_oauth1.0(self$endpoint, self$app, permission = self$params$permission, :
Unauthorized (HTTP 401).
- Fethi Ben
  
  Hey, use : setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret,access_token,access_token_secret)
  instead of setup_twitter_oauth(api_key,api_secret)
  and make sure the Callback URL equal : http://127.0.0.1:1410/
  good luck.
  - Lucas Dolan
    
    I got the same error as malpower2, followed your instructions, and then got this error:
    “Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
    This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()'”
sulekha

hi, i need to count the total number of twitter user, number of user from each country. is this possible? If yes, then how?can you please help me?
bigdataprogrammer

Very helpful tutorial and explained R vs Twitter integration with clarity. Some comments are also quite useful.
raviteja

Does cacert.pem file require or not?
https://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html
arsh deep

setup_twitter_oauth(Consumer_Key,Consumer_Secret,Access_Token,Access_Token_Secret)

is taking to much time to run and still running. first i thought it was due to poor internet connection, but now i tried it on good connection too.
i am sharing the screen shot https://uploads.disquscdn.com/images/68feb2ba5ed205977facdd747b9276f949fa5457716a81e4dd64cffcb78b233b.png
ishika..

hey m getting this error what should i do..
> searchTwitter(“Iphone”,n=150)
Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, “GET”, …) :
OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()’
>
Deepan

Hey Julian I dont understand this why I am getting these errors
library(devtools)
library(twitteR)
devtools::install_version(“httr”, version=”0.6.0″, repos=”http://cran.us.r-project.org”)
library(httr)
library(bit64)
library(base64enc)
api_key <- " alvR1i5i2OPkUP34kM13LkUVN"
api_secret <- "lQKX4Rv36AKXg1zGl9HcIFJ7Z782Jq2kpk6rxrRtorUhvAG2j9"
access_token <- " 2582011494-alxoqAWilWVz9LyYRgphumXdKZrfSDcj7iQBBID"
access_secret <- " igBU0uegV0iTAQczB66ftco6yFIWigpNYOqUeO7EyOlFf"
setup_twitter_oauth("api_key",
"api_secret",
"access_token",
"access_secret")

[1] "Using direct authentication"
Error in check_twitter_oauth() : OAuth authentication error:
This most likely means that you have incorrectly called setup_twitter_oauth()'
tweets_data = searchTwitter("sensex",lang="en",n=2000,since = "2017-04-06",until = "2017-04-07")

Error in twInterfaceObj$doAPICall(cmd, params, "GET", …) :
client error: (400) Bad Request
tweets_data_df <- do.call("rbind",lapply(tweets_data,as.data.frame))

Error in lapply(tweets_data, as.data.frame) :
object 'tweets_data' not found

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